不要限制您的用户群
如果您设计了一个应用程序为工程师、或者为了孩子、或者为了系统管理员,那么就要确定创建的应用程序能被所有工程师、孩子、或者系统管理员使用,包括那些残障人士或者那些母语和你不一样的人。要知道无障碍问题和国际化和本土化问题,在文档中很多都会被指导解决。
1.2.1. 无障碍
Accessibility (sometimes called a11y) means enabling people with disabilities of some kind to participate in life's activities: in this case, specifically to use your software. For example:
- 如果您只是用颜色去标记一些不同类型的信息,那么色盲用户可能就无法使用。
- 如果您只依靠声音表示重要信息那么听力障碍的用户将无法使用您的应用程序。
- 如果您不提供键盘录入等价的命令那么那些行动受限的用户将无法使用您的程序。
Your software should also be usable with voice interfaces, screen readers such as Orca, alternate input devices, and other assistive technologies. The standard GNOME libraries do most of this work for you, but with a little extra effort you can make your application every bit as useful to users who rely on those technologies as to those who don't.
GNOME has excellent inbuilt support for accessibility by means of the ATK and GAIL libraries, which in many cases can do most of the work for you. More information on accessibility in GNOME can be found at the GNOME Accessibility Project.
1.2.2. 国际化与本土化
国际化意味着在设计软件时要实现不同语言环境的功能。本土化是将一个应用程序中的信息、标签、和其他界面元素翻译成另一种语言的过程。
GNOME has excellent support for both internationalization (also referred to as i18n) and localization (also referred to as l10n). In most cases, simply using standard GNOME APIs for displaying text and messages will allow you or others to localize your application for other locales. For more information on how to make your application localizable, see the Pango project home page (Pango is the GNOME library for rendering internationalized text), the GNOME Translations page, and the GNOME Translation Project page.
敏感的文化和政治因素是一个非常重要的考虑因素。在设计按钮和声音、甚至选择颜色时要求明白对于世界上其他地方的用户会不会有暗示含义。
例如这些元素最好避开的原因包括:
- 标志或者钱的图片
- 在地图上显示争议的边界或存在争议地区的名称
- 没有按照字母表的顺序列出国家或者城市(除非在上下文中有特殊的要求或者需要)
- 用动物作为图标
- 之用手或脚作为图标