Making a GNOME Application Accessible - Overview
If your application only uses standard GTK widgets, you will probably have to do little or nothing to make your application (reasonably) accessible. But do watch out for objects in your GUI that don't have a textual description associated with them, such as graphical buttons or status indicators that don't have labels or tooltips.
You can probably also improve on the default descriptions provided for some of the widgets, and tailor them to that widget's specific purpose in your application. You should add or change the textual descriptions for these widgets with the appropriate ATK function call, so that an assistive technology can describe their purpose or state to the user. See Coding Guidelines for Supporting Accessibility for more information.
If your application uses custom widgets, you may have to do some work to expose those widgets' properties to assistive technologies. See Making Custom Components Accessible and Examples that Use the Accessibility API for more information.